Page 22 - Practical Petroleum Geology, 2nd Edition

PRACTICAL PETROLEUM GEOLOGY Index

fracturing, to stimulate well production, 196, 197f government, leasing from, 156
free methane, 98 grabens, 25
Petroleum Extension-The University of Texas at Austin
frost wedging, 37, 37f, 42 graded stream, 46
gradualism. See uniformitarianism
grain size, sediment classification by, 35, 36t, 66, 67
gabbro, 31 Grand Canyon, 7, 7f, 72, 75–76, 76f
gamma ray logs, 132, 133f, 186 granite, 31, 31f, 66
gamma rays, natural, 186 graphics, technology and, 144
gas cap, 98, 200 graphite, 88
gas chromatograph, 176 gravel, 35, 36t
gas reservoirs. See natural gas gravel packs, 196
gas-cap drive, 202, 220 gravimeter, 120
gas–oil contact, 97f, 98 gravity, streams/sediment and, 41–42, 44
gas–water contact, 97f, 98 gravity maps, 120
geocellular model, 145 gravity surveys, 120
geographic information system, 146 graywackes, 66
geographical studies, surface, 113–117 growth fault, 80f, 81, 101f
geologic concepts Gulf of Mexico, 110, 122
convergence, 27–28 Gulf Production Company, 124
crustal plates, 22–24
Earth’s beginnings, 15–21 gypsum, 51, 68
geologic time, 10–15
igneous rocks, 31
metamorphic rock, 32–34 half-life, 11, 12f
overview of, 3–4 halite, 51, 68
rifting, 25–26 hanging wall in a fault, 81
rocks and minerals, 29–30 heterogeneities, addressing, 226–228
sedimentary rock, 32 Himalayan mountains, 24, 28
transform faulting, 26 horizontal migration, 94, 95f
uniformitarianism, 5–10 horizontal plate motion, 25
geologic processes. See also uniformitarianism horizontality, law of, 70, 71f, 78
applying principle of uniformitarianism to, 8–9 Horner, D. R., 190
beginnings of Earth and, 16
importance of understanding of, 4 Horseshoe Atoll, 57, 57f, 106, 226f–227f
rate and magnitude of, 6–7, 9 horsts, 25
study of, 5 Hutton, James, 5, 83
geologist, duties of, 170–173, 197. See also explorationist, hydraulic fracture, 188, 196, 196f
petroleum; logging hydrocarbons. See also petroleum
geomorphic units, 213 accumulation of, 95, 95f, 96, 96f
geophones, 120, 126 aerobic decomposition and, 87
geophysical surveys basic reservoir types, 97f
gravity, 120 complexity of, 84
magnetic and electromagnetic surveys, 119 examining cuttings for evidence of, 174
magnetometer survey, 119 migration of, 89, 89f, 91, 95f
magnetotellurics, 119 physical transformation of, 88
overview of, 118 rate of change in volume, 219
seismic surveys, 120–127 trapped, 2
geophysics, 118 varieties of, 85f
geostatic pressure gradient, 88 hydrodynamic traps, 108–109, 109f
glacial environments, 47, 47f, 52 hydrogen, 1, 84
glaciation, pre-Pleistocene, 20f hydrogen sulfide, 87
global position system, 169f hydrolysis, 38
gold, 45 hydrophones, 126
gouge, 100 hydrostatic pressure, 92

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